The fifteenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 2020 is expected to adopt a post 2020 global biodiversity framework. This will take into account the 2050 Vision of the current Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, “Living in harmony with nature”, where “by 2050, biodiversity is valued, conserved, restored and wisely used, maintaining ecosystem services, sustaining a healthy planet and delivering benefits essential for all people”. It will also take into account the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as well as other relevant international processes including the Intergovernmental Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, the Global Biodiversity Outlooks and UN Environment’s Global Environmental Outlooks. Against this background, the aim of this document is to review how future scenarios of biodiversity and ecosystem services at local, national and regional scales, can help to inform the implementation of the Convention and its post 2020 global biodiversity framework.