There are two specific reasons why measures to address co-benefits from REDD are important. First, attention to co-benefits can strengthen REDD’s performance as a climate mitigation mechanism. Second, addressing and avoiding negative environmental impacts from REDD can help to make REDD more politically resilient in the medium to long term. If REDD were to become associated with significant environmental harms, this could undermine the social and political support for its role in climate mitigation.  The four types of measure for addressing environmental co-benefits that are examined here are: non-binding recommendations, support, minimum standards and incentives. It is to be expected that, either in Copenhagen, or at some point later in 2010, there will be agreement on the framework for the REDD mechanism, with the detailed elements within the framework to be worked out later.  This outline agreement and what it says about co-benefits will be of crucial importance in shaping the context in which co-benefits are addressed in the future.